Walisongo or Walisanga known as a propagator of Islam in Java in the 14th century. They lived in three important areas north coast of Java Island, namely Surabaya, Gresik, Lamongan in East Java, Demak-Holy-Muria in Central Java and Cirebon in West Java.
Walisongo era is the era of the end of the dominance of the Hindu-Buddhist culture of the archipelago to be replaced with Islamic culture. They are a symbol of the spread of Islam in Indonesia, particularly in Java. Of course many other figures who also play a role. But they are a very large role in establishing the Islamic kingdom in Java, as well as its influence on culture and society at large propagation directly, making the Walisongo is more known than others.
Meaning Walisongo
There are several opinions about the meaning Walisongo. First is the guardian of nine, which indicates the number of guardians that there are nine, or dross in the Java language. Another opinion says that the word Songo / sanga tsana derived from the word which in Arabic means noble. Opinion Others call it the word comes from the Javanese language, which means a place.
Another opinion says that Walisongo is an assembly of the first mission founded by Sunan Gresik (Maulana Malik Ibrahim) in the year 1404 AD (808 AH). [1] At that time, the panel of da'wa Walisongo own member Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Maulana Ishaq (Sunan guardian Lanang), Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubro (Sunan Kubrawi); Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi (Sunan Maghreb); Maulana Malik Israil (from Champa), Maulana Mohammad Ali Akbar, Maulana Hasanuddin, Maulana 'Aliyuddin, and Sheikh Subakir.
From the names of these Walisongo, in general there are nine known name as a member Walisongo most famous, namely:
- Sunan Gresik or Maulana Malik Ibrahim
- Sunan Ampel or Raden Rahmat
- Sunan Bonang or Makhdum Raden Ibrahim
- Sunan Drajat or Raden Qasim
- Sunan Kudus or Ja'far Sadiq
- Sunan Giri or Raden Paku or Ainul Yaqin
- Sunan Kalijaga or Raden Said
- Sunan Muria or Raden Umar Said
- Sunan Gunung Jati or Syarif Hidayatullah
The Walisongo is a public intellectual who became a reformer in his day. Their influence felt in various forms of manifestation of a new civilization of the Java community, ranging from health, planting, commerce, culture, art, society, up to the government.
Maulana Malik Ibrahim
Maulana Malik Ibrahim was a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad 22. He also called Sunan Gresik, or Sunan Tandhes, or Murshid Wali Songo Tariqat Akbar. Nasab As-Sayyid Maulana Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malik Ibrahim nasab according to records from the As-Sayyid Al-Husaini Bahruddin Ba'alawi a collection of notes and then recorded in the Encyclopedia of Ahlul Bait nasab consisting of multiple volumes (volumes). The note was written: As-Sayyid Maulana Malik Ibrahim Barakat ibn As-Sayyid bin Zainal Alam Al-Sayyid Jamaluddin Husain ibn As-Sayyid Ahmad ibn As-Sayyid Jalaluddin Abdullah bin Abdul Malik Al-Sayyid As-Sayyid bin Azmatkhan Ammil Faqih bin Alwi As-Sayyid Muhammad bin shahib Mirbath As-Sayyid 'Ali Khali' Qasam bin Alwi bin As-Sayyid As-Sayyid As-Sayyid Muhammad bin Alwi bin As-Sayyid Al-Imam Ubaidillah bin Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa bin Al-Imam Al- Imam Muhammad ibn al-Imam Ali bin Al-Uraidhi Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq bin Muhammad Al-Imam Al-Baqir bin Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin bin Al-Imam Al-Husayn ibn ibn Abi Az-Zahra/Ali Lady Fatima Talib, the Prophet Muhammad bint
He is expected to born in Samarkand in Central Asia, in the early half of the 14th century. Babad Tanah Jawi call Asmarakandi Meinsma version, follow the spoken tongue of Java to As-Samarqandy. In folklore, there is a pillow called him Grandpa.
Wife of Maulana Malik Ibrahim
Maulana Malik Ibrahim has, three wives named: 1. Siti Fatima bint Ali Maulana Nurul Alam Israel (King of Champa Dynasty Azmatkhan 1), have two children, named: Maulana Moqfaroh and Syarifah Sarah 2. Siti Maryam bint Shaikh Subakir, has 4 children, namely: Abdullah, Ibrahim, Abdul Ghafur, and Ahmad 3. Jamilah binti Zainuddin Wan Ibrahim Al-Akbar Asmaraqandi, have two children, namely: Abbas and Yusuf. Next Sharifah Sarah bint Ibrahim Malik was married to Maulana Sayyid Ali Morteza Fadhal [Sunan Students / Students Raden] and gave birth to two sons, Haji Osman (Sunan Manyuran) and Uthman Haji (Sunan Ngudung). Furthermore, Haji Sayyid Uthman (Sunan Ngudung) berputera Sayyid Ja'far Sadiq [Sunan Kudus].
Maulana Malik Ibrahim is generally regarded as the first mayor who preached Islam in Java. He teaches new ways of farming and many embrace the common people, the marginalized segments of society Javanese Majapahit end power. Malik Ibrahim tried to pull people's hearts, which was hit by the economic crisis and civil war. He built the cottage where the religion studied in Learn, Gresik. In 1419, Malik Ibrahim died. His grave in the village there is a gate Wetan, Gresik, East Java.
Sunan Ampel
Sunan Ampel original name Raden Rahmat, the descendants of all 22 of the Prophet Muhammad, according to history he is the son of Zainuddin Ibrahim Al-Akbar and a princess named Champa Dewi Wulan Condro bint Last King of Champa from the Ming Dynasty. Nasab full as follows: Sunan Ampel Zainuddin bin Sayyid Ibrahim al-Akbar ibn Sayyid Jamaluddin al-Husayn ibn Sayyid Ahmad ibn Sayyid Jalaluddin Syed Abdullah bin Abdul Malik bin Syed Alwi Azmatkhan Ammil Faqih Sayyid Muhammad bin Sayyid Ali bin shahib Mirbath Khali 'Qasam bin Sayyid Sayyid Muhammad bin Alwi bin Syed Alwi bin Syed Ubaidillah Sayyid bin Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa ibn Sayyid Muhammad ibn Sayyid Sayyid Ali bin al-Imam Ja'far Sadiq Uraidhi son of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir bin Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin bin Al-Husain Imam son of Lady Fatima Zahra bint Muhammad Rasulullah.
Sunan Ampel generally regarded as an elder by the other guardians. Pesantren housed in Denta Ampel, Surabaya, and is one of the oldest center of the spread of Islam in Java. He was married to Goddess who holds Nyai Condrowati Ageng Manila, Tuban duke's daughter named Arya Teja and married well with the Goddess Karimah bint Ki Kembang Kuning. Sunan Ampel marriage with Goddess Condrowati alias Nyai Ageng Manila bint Aryo Tejo, berputera: Sunan Bonang, Siti Shariah, Sunan Degrees, Sunan Sedayu, Siti and Siti Muthmainnah Hafsa. Sunan Ampel marriage with Goddess Karimah bint Ki Kembang Kuning, berputera: Goddess Murtasiyah, Asyiqah, Raden Husamuddin (Sunan Lamongan, Raden Zainal Abidin (Sunan Demak), Prince Raden Tumapel and Faqih (Sunan Ampel 2. Tomb of Sunan Ampel teletak near Masjid Ampel , Surabaya.
Sunan Bonang
Sunan Bonang was the son of Sunan Ampel, and is a descendant of the 23 rd of the Prophet Muhammad. He is the son of Sunan Ampel with Nyai Ageng Manila, Tuban duke's daughter named Arya Teja. Sunan Bonang lot of preaching through the arts to attract the population of Java in order to embrace Islam. He is said to be a composer and song suluk Wijil Tombo Ati, who still often sung by men. Renewal on Javanese gamelan is by incorporating fiddle and bonang, which is often associated with his name. University of Leiden save a literary language called Java Het Boek van Bonang Bonang or book. According G.W.J. Drewes, it's not the work of Sunan Bonang but may contain teachings. Sunan Bonang expected died in 1525.
Sunan Drajat
Sunan Drajat is the son of Sunan Ampel, and is a descendant of the 23 rd of the Prophet Muhammad. He is the son of Sunan Ampel with Nyai Ageng Manila, Tuban duke's daughter named Arya Teja. Sunan Drajat many preach to the common people. He emphasized the generosity, hard work, and increasing prosperity of society, as the practice of Islam. Pesantren Sunan Drajat is run autonomously as a fief region, located in the Village Drajat, District Paciran, Lamongan. Macapat Pangkur song is mentioned as his creation. Gamelan Singomengkok relics contained in the Regional Museum of Sunan Drajat, Lamongan. Sunan estimated Drajat died died in 1522.
Sunan Kudus
Sunan Kudus is the son of Sunan Ngudung or Raden Usman Haji, with Syarifah Ruhil or Goddess who holds Nyai Ruhil Anom Manyuran bint bint Nyai Ageng Melaka Sunan Ampel. Festival is the 24th descendant of Prophet Muhammad. Sunan Kudus Sunan ibn Ali Morteza Ngudung Fadhal bin Ibrahim bin Zainuddin Jamaluddin al-Akbar ibn al-Husayn ibn Ahmad Jalaluddin bin Abdillah bin Abdul Malik bin Alwi Azmatkhan Ammil Faqih Muhammad bin Ali bin shahib Mirbath Khali 'Qasam bin Alwi bin Muhammad bin Alwi bin Ubaidillah bin Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa bin Mohammed bin Ali bin Ja'far al-Sadiq Uraidhi bin Muhammad al-Baqir bin Ali Zayn al-Abidin bin Husain bin Lady Fatima Zahra bint Muhammad Rasulullah. As a saint, Sunan Kudus have a big role in the government of the Sultanate of Demak, namely as a warlord, adviser to the Sultan of Demak, Murshid Thoriqoh and state court judges. He was a lot of preaching among the Javanese rulers and gentry. Among those who had become his disciple, is the ruler Prawoto Sunan Demak, and Arya Penangsang Jipang Panolan dukes. One is the legacy of the famous Tower of the Holy Mosque, the architectural style mix of Hinduism and Islam. Sunan Kudus is expected died in 1550.
Sunan Giri
Sunan Giri is the son of Maulana Ishaq. Sunan Giri is a descendant of the 23 rd of the Prophet Muhammad, a disciple of Sunan Ampel and brother of Sunan Bonang seperguruan. He established the self-government in Kedaton Giri, Gresik; which then acts as the central message of Islam in Java and eastern Indonesia, even up to the Moluccas islands. One of the descendants of the famous Sunan Giri is Prapen, which spread Islam to the region of Lombok and Bima.
Sunan Kalijaga
Sunan Kalijaga Tuban duke was the son named Raden Tumenggung Wilatikta or Sahur or Sayyid Ahmad ibn Mansur (Sheikh Subakir). He was a student of Sunan Bonang. Sunan Kalijaga using arts and culture as a means to preach, among other leather puppet arts and song mysticism. Ilir Ilir suluk song-and-Bald Bald Pacul generally regarded as the result of his work. In one story, Sunan Kalijaga mentioned married to Maulana Ishaq bint Saroh Goddess, also married Zainab bint Sheikh Syarifah Jenar and Queen Siti binti Raja Kano Kediri Kediri.
Sunan Muria
Sunan Muria or Raden Umar Said was the son of Sunan Kalijaga. He is the son of Sunan Kalijaga of his wife by the name of Goddess Sarah bint Maulana Ishaq. Sunan Muria was married to Goddess Sujinah, daughter of Sunan Ngudung. So Sunan Muria was a sister-in-law of Sunan Kudus.
Sunan Gunung Jati
Sunan Gunung Jati or is the son of Sharif Sharif Hidayatullah Umdatuddin son Abdullah Ali Nurul Alam's son Akbar Sheikh Jamaluddin Husain. From the mother's side, he still descendants of the palace through Nyai Rara Pajajaran Santang, the son of Maharaja Sri Baduga. Sunan Gunung Jati Cirebon develop as a center of propaganda and his government, which afterwards became the Sultanate of Cirebon. His son Maulana Hasanuddin, also managed to develop the power and spread Islam in Banten, so that later became the forerunner of the establishment of the Sultanate of Banten.
Walisongo according to time period
According to Sunan Ampel Haul-555 written by KH. Mohammad Dahlan, [a] panel of da'wa is generally called Walisongo, actually consists of several forces. The Walisongo not live at the exact same time but each other has close links, either in blood or by marriage ties, as well as in teacher-student relationship. If there is a council member who died, then his position was replaced by another character:
Force-1 (1404 - 1435 AD), consisting of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (d. 1419), Maulana Ishaq, Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubro, Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi, Maulana Israil Malik (d. 1435), Maulana Muhammad Ali Akbar ( died 1435), Maulana Hasanuddin, Maulana 'Aliyuddin, and Sheikh Subakir or also called Shaykh Muhammad al-Baqir.
Force-2 (1435 - 1463 AD), consisting of Sunan Ampel the year 1419 replacing Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Maulana Ishaq (d. 1463), Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubro, Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi, 1435 Festival which this year replaced the Maulana Malik Isra 'il, Sunan Gunung Jati is the year 1435 replacing Akbar Maulana Muhammad Ali, Maulana Hasanuddin (d. 1462), Maulana' Aliyuddin (d. 1462), and Sheikh Subakir (d. 1463).
Force-3 (1463 - 1466 AD), consisting of Sunan Ampel, Sunan Giri in 1463 which replaced the Maulana Ishaq, Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubro (d. 1465), Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi (d. 1465), Sunan Kudus, Sunan Gunung Jati , Sunan Bonang the year 1462 replacing Maulana Hasanuddin, the year 1462 Degrees Sunan Maulana replace 'Aliyyuddin, and Sunan Kalijaga the years 1463 to replace Sheikh Subakir.
Force-4 (1466 - 1513 AD, consisting of Sunan Ampel (d. 1481), Sunan Giri (d. 1505), Raden Fattah who in 1465 replacing the Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubra, Fathullah Khan (Falatehan) who in 1465 replacing Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi, Sunan Kudus, Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Bonang, Sunan Degrees, and Sunan Kalijaga (d. 1513).
Force-5 (1513 - 1533 AD), consisting of Sheikh Siti Jenar the year 1481 replacing the Sunan Ampel (d. 1517), Raden Faqih Sunan Ampel II's brother-in-law replaces the 1505 Ahun Sunan Giri, Raden Fattah (d. 1518), Fathullah Khan (Falatehan), Sunan Kudus (d. 1550), Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Bonang (d. 1525), Sunan Degrees (d. 1533), and Sunan Muria who in 1513 succeeded his father Sunan Kalijaga.
Force-6 (1533 - 1546 AD), consisting of Sheikh Abdul Qahhar (Sunan Sedayu) which Ahun 1517 succeeded his father Sheikh Siti Jenar, Raden Zainal Abidin Sunan Demak in 1540 to replace his brother Prince Faqih Sunan Ampel II, Sultan of the year 1518 Trenggana succeeded his father is Raden Fattah, Fathullah Khan (d. 1573), Sayyid Amir Hasan, who in 1550 succeeded his father Sunan Kudus, Sunan Gunung Jati (d. 1569), Raden Husamuddin Sunan Lamongan who replaced his brother in 1525, Sunan Bonang, Sunan Pakuan which in 1533 replaced his father Sunan Degrees, and Sunan Muria (d. 1551).
Force-7 (1546 - 1591 AD), consisting of Shaykh Abdul Qahhar (d. 1599), Sunan Prapen which in 1570 replaced the Sunan Demak Raden Zainal Abidin, Sunan Prawoto who in 1546 succeeded his father Sultan Trenggana, Maulana Yusuf grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati in 1573 succeeded his uncle Fathullah Khan, Amir Sayyid Hasan, Maulana Hasanuddin who in 1569 succeeded his father Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Mojoagung which in 1570 replaced the Sunan Lamongan, Sunan Cendana which in 1570 replaced the Sunan Pakuan grandfather, and Sayyid Salih (Panembahan Pekaos) Amir Sayyid Hasan children who in 1551 replaced the grandfather of his mother's side of Sunan Muria.
Force-8 (1592 - 1650 AD), consisting of Shaykh Abdul Qadir (Sunan Magelang), which replaces the Sunan Sedayu (d. 1599), Baba David Ar-Rumi al-Jawi teacher who in 1650 replaced the Sunan Prapen, Sultan Hadiwijaya (Joko Tingkir ) which in 1549 replaced the Sultan Prawoto, Maulana Yusuf, Sayyid Amir Hasan, Maulana Hasanuddin, Shamsuddin Sheikh Abdullah Al-Sumatrani which in 1650 replaced the Sunan Mojoagung, Sheikh Abbas bin Abd Al-Ghafur Manduri which in 1650 replaced the Sunan Cendana, and Sayyid Salih ( Panembahan Pekaos).
Figure predecessor Walisongo
Sheikh Jumadil Qubro
Sheikh Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Qubro is Jumadil Kubra Jamaluddin bin Husayn bin Ahmad Jalaluddin bin Abdul Malik bin Abdillah bin Azmatkhan Ammil Alwi bin Muhammad Faqih shahib Mirbath bin Ali Khali 'Qasam bin Alwi bin Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Alwi bin Ubaidillah Al-Muhajir bin Isa bin Mohammed bin Ali bin Ja'far al-Sadiq Uraidhi bin Muhammad al-Baqir bin Ali Zayn al-Abidin bin Husain bin Lady Fatima Zahra bint Muhammad Rasulullah Jumadil Qubro Sheikh Jamaluddin Husain was the son of his wife named Selindung Moon Princess (Princess Saadong II / Princess Kelantan Old). This figure is often mentioned in various chronicles and folklore as one of the pioneers of the spread of Islam in Java.
His grave is located in several places in Semarang, Trowulan, or in Turgo village (near pelawangan), Yogyakarta. Not yet known which one truly is a grave
The theory of descent Hadramaut
Although there are opinions that mention Walisongo is a descendant of Samarkand (Central Asia), Champa or other places, but it seems the place-tampat is more of a track the spread of the preacher than the origin of most of them are the Sayyid or Sharif. Some of the arguments given by Muhammad Al-Baqir, in his book Thoriqoh to Happiness, is a descendant of support that Walisongo Hadramaut (Yemen):
LWC van den Berg, Islamologist and Dutch legal expert who conducted research in 1884-1886, in his book Le Hadhramout Colonies et les arabes dans l'Archipel Indien (1886) says:
"As for concrete results in the Islamic religious broadcasting (to Indonesia) is from the people Sayyid Sharif. And by them the religion of Islam spread among the Hindu kings of Java and others. Apart from these, although there are also other tribes Hadramawt (which is not a class of Sayyid Sharif), but they did not leave that much influence. This is because they (the Sayyid Sharif) is the offspring of carriers of Islam leader (Prophet Muhammad). "
Van den Berg also wrote in the same book (p. 192-204):
"In the 15th century, in Java there were already residents of the Arabs or their offspring, ie after the period of the powerful kingdom of Majapahit. Arabs bercampul-slang with residents, and some of them mempuyai high positions. They are bound by kinship relationships and superior level. Apparently Hindu princes in the Indian islands have been affected by the properties of Arab expertise, because most of them descent founder of Islam (Prophet Muhammad). The Arabs of Hadramawt (Hadramaut) brings to mind the Hindus are forwarded by the new Peranakan Peranakan-Arab, following in the footsteps of his ancestors. "
Van den Berg's statement specifically mentions the 15th century, which is a specific century arrival or birth of most of the Walisongo in Java. This 15th-century much earlier than the 18th century which is the next wave arrival, which is the surname of the Hadramaut Assegaf, Ethiopia Al, Al Hadad, Alaydrus, Alatas, Al Jufri, Shihab, Syahab Hadramaut and many other genera.
Until now, Muslims in the Hadramaut most bermadzhab Shafi, as the majority in Sri Lanka, coastal western India (Gujarat and Malabar), Malaysia and Indonesia. Compare with Muslims in Uzbekistan and throughout Central Asia, Pakistan and India inland (non-coastal) largely bermadzhab Hanafi.
The similarity in the Shafi'i madhhab patterned practice of Sufism and prioritize Ahlul Bait; such as holding Mawlid, read Diba & litany, diverse Shalawat Prophet, prayer Nur Nubuwwah and many other practices exist only on the Hadramaut, Egypt, Gujarat, Malabar, Ceylon, Sulu & Mindanao , Malaysia and Indonesia. The Book of Shafi'i fiqh Fathul Muin popular in Indonesia authored by Zainuddin Al Malabary of Malabar, the contents include the opinions both of the fuqaha and the Sufis. This similarity indicates that the source of Hadramaut, because Hadramaut is the first source of Islamic history that combines the Shafi'i fiqh with the practice of Sufism and preferential Ahlul Bait.
In the 15th century, the kings of Java that are related to such Walisongo Raden Patah and Pati Unus both use the title of Akbar Alam. The title is also a title that is often worn by a large family Jamaluddin Akbar in Gujarat in the 14th century, the great grandson of Azhamat Khan's family (or Abdullah Khan) bin Abdul Malik bin Alwi, a son of Muhammad shahib Mirbath great scholars of Hadramaut century 13. This large family known as the preacher who preached distant travelers to parts of Southeast Asia, and has sons and grandchildren of many using the name of Akbar, as Zainal Akbar, Akbar Ibrahim, Ali Akbar, Akbar Nuralam and many others.
Theory of Chinese descent
Historian Slamet Muljana mired in controversy in the book The collapse of the Hindu kingdom of Java (1968), by stating that Walisongo Indonesia is of Chinese descent. [6] Opinion was invited strong reactions people who argue that Arab-Walisongo are descendants of Indonesia. The New Order government had banned publication of the book.
References that states alleged that Walisongo derived from or of Chinese descent is still a controversial thing. References in question can only be tested through academic sources that came from Muljana Slamet, referring to the writings Mangaraja Onggang Parlindungan, which then refers to a person named Resident Poortman. However, Resident Poortman until now have not been able to be identified as well as its credibility as a historian, for example when compared to Snouck Hurgronje and LWC van den Berg. Dutch historians today are a lot of reviewing the history of Islam in Indonesia is Martin van Bruinessen, even though the name never Poortman in his books are recognized as very detailed and much used as a reference.
One review of writings H.J. de Graaf, Th.G.Th. Pigeaud, M.C. Ricklefs titled Chinese Muslims in Java in the 15th and 16th Centuries are written by Russell Jones. There, he also doubts about the existence of a Poortman. If the person is there and not the other named, should be able to easily proved enough to remember the story complete in writing Parlindungan.
Written sources about Walisongo
There are few written sources about Walisongo Java community, among other works of Fiber Walisanga Ranggawarsita in the 19th century, the Book of Sunan works Walisongo Dalem (Sunan Giri II) who is the son of Sunan Giri, and also pretty much told in the Babad Tanah Jawi.
Former Johor Mufti Sayyid `Alwi b. Tahir b. `Abdallah al-Haddad (died 1962) also leave the article titled History of the development of Islam in the Far East (London: Al-Maktab ad-Daimi, 1957). He quotes a description of them from Haji `Ali ibn Khayr al-Din, in his youngest Ketrangan coming (sic) to the ground Jawi Arabic sangking Hadramaut.
In writing the history of the descendants of Bani Alawi such as al-Jawahir al-Saniyyah by Sayyid Ali bin Abu Bakr Sakran, 'Umdat al-Talib al-Dawudi, and Shams al-Zahirah by Sayyid Abdul Rahman Al-famous; also contained a discussion of ancestral Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Ampel, Sunan Giri, Sunan Kudus, Sunan Bonang and Sunan Gresik.
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